Engineering Value and Ethical Discretion: Integrating Competitive Engineering and the Target Model of Discretion in Public and Nonprofit Context

Executive Summary

Public and nonprofit organizations are increasingly required todemonstrate measurable impact while navigating complex environments shaped by legal constraints, stakeholder expectations, and ethical obligations.

This report and workshop outline proposes the integration of two complementary frameworks: Tom Gilb’s Competitive Engineering (CE) and theTarget Model of Discretion (TMD), developed by Dr. CaseyLaFrance.